Basic Civil Engineering Knowledge (Part 1) HRM.Civil

Basic Civil Engineering Knowledge Part 1

New engineers will copy the following text beautifully by copying it wherever it is not possible that you will be able to use it. Purohit Practical Job will be used as a guide book →

Useful information
CONCRETE GRADE:
M5 = 1:4:8
M10= 1:3:6
M15= 1:2:4
M20= 1:1.5:3
M25= 1:1:2
CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT:
1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm
2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm
3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm
4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm
5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm
6.COLUMN : 40 mm
7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm
8.BEAMS : 25 mm
9.SLABS : 15 mm
10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm
11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm
12.RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth
13.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm
WEIGHT OF ROD PER METER LENGTH:
DIA WEIGHT PER METER
6mm = 0.222Kg
8mm = 0.395 Kg
10mm = 0.616 Kg
12mm = 0.888 Kg
16mm = 1.578 Kg
20mm = 2.466 Kg
25mm = 3.853 Kg
32mm = 6.313 Kg
40mm = 9.865 Kg
1bag cement-50kg
1feet-0.3048m
1m-3.28ft
1sq.m-10.76sq.f ¬t
1cu.m-35.28cu.f ¬t
1acre-43560sq.f ¬t
1cent-435.6sq.f ¬t
1hectare-2.47ac ¬re
1acre-100cent-4 ¬046.724sq.m
1ground-2400sq. ¬ft
1unit-100cu.ft- ¬2.83cu.m 1square-100sq.f ¬t
1 M LENGTH STEEL ROD I ITS VOLUME
V=(Pi/4)*Dia x DiaX L=(3.14/4)x D x D X 1 (for
1m length) Density of Steel=7850 kg/ cub meter
Weight = Volume x Density=(3.14/4)x D x D X
1x7850 (if D is in mm ) So = ((3.14/4)x D x D X
1x7850)/(1000x1000) = Dodd/162.27
DESIGN MIX:
M10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62)
Cement : 210 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 823 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M 3
M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)
Cement : 320 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3
M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)
Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.5 =
164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml
M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)
Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture
(170.80+15.20)
M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.57)
Cement : 410 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 632 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 421 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 735 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 200 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand = 735 + 2%, Water = 200- 14.7 =
185.30,
Admixture = 0.7%
M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39)
Cement : 430 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 618 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 412 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 718 Kg/ M 3
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Note: Sand = 718 + Bulk age 1%
M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 626 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 417 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 727 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 1%
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 590 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 483 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 689 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 12%
Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)
Admixture : 1.20%3
Micro silica : 30 Kg
Super flow 6.7% of cement
1 cubic meter contains 500 bricks
The Standard size of the 1st class brick is
190mm
x 90mm x
90mm and motor joint should be 10mm thick
So brick with motor=200 x 100 x 100.
Volume of 1st class brick = 0.19 x 0.09 X 0.09 =
0.001539
cu.m
Volume of 1st class brick with motor =0.2 x 0.1 x0.1=0.002 cu.m
No. on bricks per 1cu.m= 1/volume of1st class
brick with
motor
=1/0.002
= 500 no’s of bricks
STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS
INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE
FOOT = 0.3048 METRE
YARD = 0.9144 METRE
MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER
ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE
POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM
MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH
METRE = 3.2808FOOT
METRE = 1.0936YARD
A rope having length 100cm.You can form any
shape using this rope (Example: Triangle,
Rectangle, etc.,). Which shape will covers
maximum area
1 Newton = o.101971 kg
1 mm2 = 0.01 cm2
1 cm2 = 100 mm2
1 mm2 = 20 N
100 mm2 = 2000N
1 cm2 = 2000N
2000 N = 203.942 kg
So 20 N/ mm2 = 203.942 kg / cm2
RATIO IS 1:1.5:3

Basic Civil Engineering Knowledge (Part 1)
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